Whelan · Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery 2001 · narrative review and multi-model experimental series · n=?

Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review combining preclinical in vitro and animal research with descriptive human series.

PubMed 11776448 · doi:10.1089/104454701753342758 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

The authors reviewed literature and presented data evaluating the effects of near-infrared light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy, alone and combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), across multiple experimental models. These included in vitro cell cultures (mouse fibroblasts, rat osteoblasts, rat skeletal muscle cells, and normal human epithelial cells), in vivo animal models (ischemic and diabetic wounds in rats), and human clinical cohorts (musculoskeletal training injuries in Navy SEAL members, wound healing in submarine crew members, and pediatric patients with oral mucositis). Various LED wavelengths, power intensities, and energy densities were evaluated.

What was found

In vitro, LED irradiation increased cell growth by 140% to 200% in mouse fibroblasts, rat osteoblasts, and rat skeletal muscle cells, and by 155% to 171% in normal human epithelial cells. In ischemic rat models, LED combined with HBO decreased wound size by up to 36%. In human cohorts, LED treatment produced a greater than 40% improvement in musculoskeletal training injuries in Navy SEALs, reduced wound healing time in submarine crew members, and yielded a 47% reduction in pain in children with oral mucositis.

Why it matters

This paper demonstrates that specific near-infrared LED parameters stimulate cellular proliferation in vitro and may aid tissue healing across animal models and specialized human cohorts.

Limits

The abstract aggregates diverse in vitro, animal, and human pilot data without reporting sample sizes (n), control group specifications, variance, or statistical significance metrics. The human observations represent descriptive, heterogeneous case cohorts rather than randomized controlled trials.

Cited by