Barulli · Trends in cognitive sciences 2013 · narrative review · n=?

Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: emerging concepts in cognitive reserve.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative theoretical review with no new human data or systematic review methodology.

PubMed 24018144 · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This narrative review outlines the concept of cognitive reserve in aging, dementia, and brain damage, analyzing its potential cognitive and neural implementations alongside related constructs such as brain reserve, compensation, neuroprotection, maintenance, and plasticity.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical findings or quantitative data. It presents a theoretical synthesis concluding that cognitive reserve is compatible with related concepts, but requires sharper conceptual boundaries to adequately explain preserved cognitive function amid aging or brain pathology.

Why it matters

The paper clarifies key theoretical boundaries in cognitive aging, helping researchers distinguish functional cognitive reserve from structural brain reserve and compensatory neural mechanisms.

Limits

This is a theoretical narrative review providing no original human data, quantitative analysis, or systematic review methodology.