Norenzayan · The Behavioral and brain sciences 2016 · theoretical synthesis · n=?

The cultural evolution of prosocial religions.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Theoretical framework and conceptual synthesis without new empirical human data

PubMed 26785995 · doi:10.1017/S0140525X14001356 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

The authors presented a theoretical framework and interdisciplinary synthesis proposing a cultural evolutionary model for the origins of prosocial religions. The model addresses two historical patterns: the rise of large-scale cooperation among strangers and the spread of prosocial religions over the past 10-12 millennia.

What was found

The abstract reports a conceptual synthesis and contains no quantitative data or numerical outcomes. It proposes that culturally evolved religious packages—including moralizing supernatural agents, credible displays of faith, and social solidarity mechanisms—promoted high fertility and large-scale cooperation, driving success in intergroup competition and the subsequent spread of prosocial religions.

Why it matters

This framework links cognitive by-product and adaptationist models, offering a cohesive cultural evolutionary explanation for how religious systems helped scale human cooperation beyond small kin-based groups.

Limits

The abstract presents a purely theoretical synthesis with no original empirical data, participant sample sizes, or statistical testing reported. Causal claims regarding multi-millennial evolutionary dynamics rely heavily on indirect historical and cross-cultural inferences rather than direct experimental validation.

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