Pan · International journal of aging & human development 2022 · longitudinal cohort study · n=7,990

Cognitive Function Among Noncustodial Grandparents in China and the United States: A Cross-National Perspective.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Longitudinal cohort analysis using nationally representative survey data (CHARLS and HRS)

PubMed 34730017 · doi:10.1177/00914150211050877 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

The authors analyzed the longitudinal association between noncustodial grandparenting and cognitive function over time using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011–2013; n = 1,411) and the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2012–2014; n = 6,579) among adults aged 65 and older. Lagged dependent variable linear regression models were used to assess changes in global cognitive function, mental status, and episodic memory.

What was found

Grandparenting involvement was associated with less decline in episodic memory in noncustodial grandparents in both China and the United States. Higher levels of grandparenting showed no negative effects on mental status or global cognitive function. The impact of grandparenting on cognitive performance was conditioned on caregiving intensity, gender, urban versus rural residence, and country. The abstract reports no numerical values, effect sizes, standard errors, or p-values.

Why it matters

This cross-national study suggests that noncustodial grandparenting may help preserve episodic memory in older adults across diverse cultural contexts, providing support for considering informal family caregiving roles in public health and cognitive health interventions.

Limits

The abstract omits all numerical point estimates, confidence intervals, and test statistics. The observational design cannot rule out reverse causality or residual confounding (such as baseline cognitive health influencing the likelihood of providing childcare). The follow-up period was relatively short (two years), and the findings apply only to noncustodial grandparents aged 65 and older.

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