Core training and performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
PubMed 37867742 · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2023.123319
What was done
Authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines across Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed up to November 2022. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials or randomized allocation studies in healthy individuals aged >12 years examining isolated or combined core training lasting at least 4 weeks. Outcomes were athletic performance metrics of balance, throwing/hitting (velocity or distance), and jumping (vertical or horizontal). Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach.
What was found
Out of 3,223 identified records, 22 studies were included in the systematic review and 21 in the meta-analysis. Core training significantly improved balance (ES = 1.17; p < 0.0001), throwing/hitting distance (ES = 3.42; p = 0.03), vertical jump (ES = 0.69; p = 0.0003), and horizontal jump (ES = 0.84; p = 0.01). Throwing/hitting velocity did not reach statistical significance (ES = 0.30; p = 0.14).
Why it matters
This review synthesizes the functional athletic effects of core training, demonstrating clear benefits for jump power, balance, and throwing distance, while showing that velocity outcomes may require more specific training stimuli.
Limits
The abstract omits total participant sample size, specific exercise protocols, participant training status, confidence intervals, and heterogeneity metrics. Long-term retention of performance gains was not reported.
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