Biggs · American family physician 2025 · narrative review · n=?

Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Common Questions and Answers.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative clinical review and expert practice guidance with no new empirical data or systematic search

PubMed 40238977 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This narrative clinical review summarizes common questions and practice recommendations regarding the clinical diagnosis, prospective symptom tracking, and management of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

What was found

No quantitative findings or effect sizes are reported in the abstract. The review states that diagnosis requires prospective daily symptom tracking over at least two menstrual cycles (such as via the Daily Record of Severity of Problems). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) represent first-line pharmacotherapy with rapid onset of symptom relief. Cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise, acupuncture or acupressure, and Vitex agnus-castus are identified as non-pharmacological or complementary therapeutic options.

Why it matters

It provides practical primary-care guidance for differentiating PMS from PMDD and implementing step-wise pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Limits

The abstract reports no original human subject data, sample sizes, or quantitative outcome measures. As a narrative review, it lacks a systematic search protocol and risk-of-bias evaluation for the cited interventions.