Rasul · Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2026 · systematic review and meta-analysis · n=11 studies (340 patients with venous leg ulcers)

The Healing Effect of Photobiomodulation on Venous Leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PubMed 41889013 · doi:10.1111/wrr.70144 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from 1990 to 2024) evaluating photobiomodulation for healing venous leg ulcers in adults. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and the primary pooled outcome was absolute change in ulcer area.

What was found

Eleven trials were included (615 total patients, of whom 340 had venous leg ulcers; 169 intervention and 167 control participants completed follow-up). All 11 trials had some concerns or high risk of bias. In the meta-analysis of 4 trials, photobiomodulation did not significantly reduce ulcer area compared to controls (mean difference: 3.77 cm², 95% CI: -4.45 to 11.99, p = 0.37), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 96%, τ² = 65.37).

Why it matters

Despite interest in photobiomodulation as an adjuvant wound therapy, current randomized evidence fails to show a measurable benefit on venous leg ulcer healing.

Limits

Only 4 of the 11 identified trials contributed data to the quantitative meta-analysis. All included studies had methodological limitations resulting in some or high risk of bias, the total sample size was small, statistical heterogeneity was extreme, and treatment protocols lacked standardization.

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