Czeisler · Science (New York, N.Y.) 1999 · Controlled physiological study · n=?

Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker.

Cited 1710 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Non-randomized controlled physiological cohort study in humans

PubMed 10381883 · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2177 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

Researchers measured the endogenous circadian rhythms of melatonin, core body temperature, and cortisol in healthy young and older individuals living under strictly controlled lighting conditions designed to eliminate confounding effects of light on circadian period estimation.

What was found

The intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker averaged 24.18 hours across both young and older age groups with a tight distribution, contrasting with earlier literature reporting a median 25.2-hour activity rhythm (range 13 to 65 hours) and a ~25-hour temperature rhythm. The abstract does not provide exact participant counts, standard deviations, or separate numerical values by age group.

Why it matters

This study corrected decades of assumptions that the human biological clock runs on an intrinsic ~25-hour cycle that shortens with age, establishing that humans possess a precise, near-24-hour circadian period consistent with other species.

Limits

The abstract does not report the sample size, participant demographics, study duration, or specific light levels used. Findings in healthy individuals may not generalize to clinical populations with disrupted circadian rhythms.

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