Sullivan · Annals of neurology 2000 · Controlled animal experiment · n=?

Dietary supplement creatine protects against traumatic brain injury.

Cited 301 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Preclinical animal interventional research

PubMed 11079535 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Researchers evaluated the neuroprotective effects of chronic dietary creatine supplementation in rodent models (mice and rats) subjected to experimental traumatic brain injury. They assessed the extent of cortical damage and measured markers of mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, intramitochondrial calcium, ATP levels, and mitochondrial permeability transition induction.

What was found

Chronic administration of creatine reduced the extent of cortical damage by up to 36% in mice and 50% in rats. In creatine-fed animals, mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly increased, ATP levels were maintained, intramitochondrial reactive oxygen species and calcium were significantly decreased, and mitochondrial permeability transition was significantly inhibited. Absolute baseline numbers, variability, and exact sample sizes were not reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

This study provides mechanistic evidence that creatine supplementation can attenuate brain tissue loss after traumatic injury by supporting mitochondrial bioenergetics. It highlights a potential neuroprotective candidate for acute trauma and subsequent neurodegeneration.

Limits

Findings are limited to animal models, leaving human efficacy, clinical dosing, and timing unproven. The abstract does not report the total sample size, dietary creatine dose, duration of feeding, or long-term behavioral and cognitive outcomes.

Cited by