Moffitt · Development and psychopathology 2001 · prospective longitudinal cohort study · n=?

Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways among males and females.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Prospective longitudinal cohort study

PubMed 11393651 · doi:10.1017/s0954579401002097 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Data from the Dunedin longitudinal study were used to evaluate childhood risk factors (including parenting, neurocognitive problems, temperament, and behavior issues) in males and females exhibiting childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial behavior.

What was found

Childhood-onset delinquents had high-risk backgrounds with inadequate parenting, neurocognitive problems, and temperament/behavior problems, whereas adolescent-onset delinquents lacked these early risk factors. The male-to-female ratio was 10:1 for childhood-onset delinquency and 1.5:1 for adolescence-onset delinquency. Childhood-onset females showed the same high-risk background pattern as males, whereas adolescent-onset females did not. Specific numerical effect sizes and statistical test values were not reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

This study provides empirical support for the taxonomic theory of antisocial behavior, demonstrating that distinct developmental pathways (life-course persistent vs. adolescence-limited) operate similarly across sexes but differ markedly in early risk etiology and sex ratios.

Limits

The abstract does not state the sample size (n), exact statistical metrics, or attrition rates. Findings from a single birth cohort may have geographic or demographic limits to generalizability, and the observational design cannot establish direct causal mechanisms for individual risk factors.

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