Li · Journal of personality and social psychology 2002 · experimental budget-allocation and screening behavioral study · n=?

The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: testing the tradeoffs.

Cited 996 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Level 4 by design analogy; cross-sectional laboratory behavioral experiments assessing hypothetical choices.

PubMed 12051582 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

Across three behavioral studies, participants evaluated long-term mate preferences under resource constraints. In Studies 1 and 2, participants designed ideal long-term mates by purchasing different characteristics across three budget levels. In Study 3, participants completed a mate-screening paradigm to evaluate the order in which they inquired about specific partner characteristics.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical values, test statistics, or effect sizes. Directionally, participants secured baseline levels of necessity traits before investing in other characteristics. Physical attractiveness functioned as a necessity for men, status and resources functioned as necessities for women, and kindness and intelligence served as necessities for both sexes. In the screening task, participants inquired about these hypothesized necessities first.

Why it matters

Applying microeconomic necessity-versus-luxury trade-offs helps resolve why status and physical attractiveness are crucial in constrained partner selection despite being rated lower in unconstrained survey self-reports.

Limits

The abstract provides no sample sizes, participant demographics, statistical estimates, or confidence intervals. The experiments relied on hypothetical budget allocations and simulated screening rather than real-world pairing behavior.

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