McMahon · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2002 · narrative review · n=?

Factors affecting the rate of phosphocreatine resynthesis following intense exercise.

Cited 256 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review synthesizing physiological mechanisms and observational literature without systematic review methodology.

PubMed 12238940 · doi:10.2165/00007256-200232120-00002 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

This narrative review synthesized physiological mechanisms and published literature (primarily phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance [31P-NMR] spectroscopy studies) evaluating the factors and kinetic phases that govern skeletal muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis following intense exercise.

What was found

Intense muscular contraction can reduce PCr levels to below 30% of baseline. Resynthesis follows a biphasic profile: an initial fast phase regulated by free cytosolic ADP concentration or the free energy of ATP hydrolysis independent of pH, followed by a slower phase rate-limited by the restoration of homeostatic intracellular pH. The review noted that 31P-NMR studies report inconsistent findings regarding whether individuals with elevated aerobic power achieve faster PCr resynthesis compared to sedentary controls. The abstract reports no pooled statistical figures or effect estimates.

Why it matters

Clarifying PCr resynthesis kinetics helps explain metabolic recovery constraints in intermittent high-intensity sports and highlights methodological challenges in non-invasive spectroscopic muscle bioenergetics research.

Limits

As a narrative review, the paper does not report systematic search criteria, inclusion criteria, or study counts. Findings are descriptive rather than quantitative, and the authors emphasize that methodological constraints in existing 31P-NMR studies limit definitive conclusions regarding aerobic fitness and PCr recovery.

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