Golombok · Developmental psychology 2003 · comparative cohort study · n=173 families

Children with lesbian parents: a community study.

Cited 246 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Prospective comparative cohort study drawn from a geographic population cohort

PubMed 12518806 · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.39.1.20 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Families were recruited from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a geographic population cohort of approximately 14,000 mothers and their children. The study compared 39 lesbian-mother families, 74 two-parent heterosexual families, and 60 single heterosexual mother families when the children were 7 years old. Standardized interviews and questionnaires evaluating parent-child relationships, socioemotional development, and gender development were administered across multiple informants: mothers, co-mothers/fathers, children, and teachers.

What was found

The abstract provides no numerical values, effect sizes, or test statistics. It reports that findings were consistent with earlier research showing positive mother-child relationships and well-adjusted children among lesbian-mother families.

Why it matters

Early research on same-sex parenting relied heavily on convenience and volunteer samples. By identifying lesbian-mother families within a large, general population cohort, this study reduces recruitment selection bias.

Limits

The abstract reports no numerical findings, effect sizes, or statistical comparisons. The sample size of lesbian-mother families was modest (n = 39). The analysis evaluated children at a single time point (age 7), and specific outcome measures or potential confounding factors are not detailed in the abstract.

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