Krueger · Brain, behavior, and immunity 2003 · narrative review · n=?

Sleep in host defense.

Cited 59 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review of mechanistic pathways and clinical observations with no systematic synthesis.

PubMed 12615185 · doi:10.1016/s0889-1591(02)00065-x · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

This narrative review summarizes the neurobiological and molecular mechanisms connecting sleep with host defense, focusing on brain cytokine cascades involved in the acute phase response to infection, normal spontaneous sleep regulation, and sleep disruptions in cancer and cytokine therapy.

What was found

The abstract reports no quantitative data or numerical values. It describes that sleep alterations are key components of the acute phase response to infection; that molecular regulators including interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, growth hormone releasing hormone, prolactin, nitric oxide, and nuclear factor kappaB mediate both normal sleep and infection-induced sleep changes; and that sleep disturbances and fatigue are prevalent in cancer patients and those receiving cytokine therapy.

Why it matters

The paper outlines the shared molecular architecture linking immune signaling to sleep regulation, providing a mechanistic context for fatigue and sleep disruption during infection and cytokine-based therapies.

Limits

The abstract contains no empirical data, sample sizes, or formal review methodology. It represents a narrative overview and does not systematically evaluate study quality or quantify clinical outcomes.

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