Rottenberg · Psychophysiology 2003 · Controlled laboratory psychophysiological study · n=?

Vagal rebound during resolution of tearful crying among depressed and nondepressed individuals.

Cited 153 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Non-randomized comparative study evaluating physiological responses in depressed versus nondepressed cohorts during an emotional challenge.

PubMed 12751799 · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00001 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

Depressed and nondepressed participants were exposed to a sad film to elicit tearful crying during a laboratory emotion-regulation challenge. The researchers measured respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a marker of cardiac vagal tone, during the onset and resolution of crying to evaluate physiological self-regulation.

What was found

Nondepressed participants exhibited increases in RSA that accompanied the resolution of tearful crying. In contrast, depressed individuals who cried did not exhibit increased RSA during crying episodes. The abstract provides directional patterns but reports no numerical values, effect sizes, or p-values.

Why it matters

The findings provide evidence that the physiological homeostatic recovery typically facilitated by crying (vagal rebound) is blunted in depressed individuals, highlighting altered autonomic emotion regulation.

Limits

The abstract omits sample sizes (overall and for those who actually cried), diagnostic criteria used for depression, baseline characteristics, and all numerical or statistical data. Furthermore, film-induced laboratory crying may not fully capture naturalistic crying experiences.

Cited by