Addy · International dental journal 2003 · narrative review · n=?

Can tooth brushing damage your health? Effects on oral and dental tissues.

Cited 335 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review of anecdotal, in vitro, in situ, and observational reports without systematic review methods.

PubMed 12875306 · doi:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2003.tb00768.x · record verified 2026-08-28

What was done

A narrative review evaluating published evidence—including anecdotal reports, case reports, epidemiological data, in vitro experiments, and in situ models—to assess whether toothbrushing with toothpaste causes clinically significant harm to oral and dental tissues.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical data. The authors state that toothbrushes alone do not affect enamel and have very little effect on dentine, while toothpaste in normal use does not cause significant dentine wear over a lifetime. Wear increases substantially when brushing follows an erosive challenge. Toothbrushing causes gingival abrasions, but its causal role in gingival recession remains unclear. No differences were identified between electric and manual toothbrushes regarding effects on hard or soft tissues.

Why it matters

It emphasizes that standard toothbrushing poses minimal risk to dental tissues on its own, identifying acid erosion as the key factor predisposing teeth to brushing-related abrasion.

Limits

The abstract describes a narrative review without systematic search criteria or meta-analytic quantification, relying largely on laboratory and circumstantial evidence rather than long-term controlled human trials.

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