Coimbra · Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 2003 · uncontrolled open-label case series · n=19

High doses of riboflavin and the elimination of dietary red meat promote the recovery of some motor functions in Parkinson's disease patients.

Cited 83 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Uncontrolled before-and-after case series

PubMed 14502375 · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2003001000019 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

Nineteen outpatients with Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr stages I to V, mean age 66.2 ± 8.6 years) who had abnormal baseline riboflavin status completed a 6-month protocol consisting of oral riboflavin (30 mg every 8 hours) combined with the complete elimination of dietary red meat alongside their standard symptomatic medications. Blood riboflavin status was tracked, and motor capacity was evaluated monthly using a modified Hoehn and Yahr scoring system reported as a percentage.

What was found

Riboflavin blood levels normalized from 106.4 ± 34.9 to 179.2 ± 23 ng/ml after 1 month (measured in n = 9). All 19 patients who completed 6 months showed motor improvements during the first 3 months, with 5 continuing to improve through month 6. Average motor capacity increased from 44% at baseline to 71% at 6 months (P < 0.001). Yellowish urine was the only reported side effect.

Why it matters

This preliminary study suggested that targeting riboflavin status and dietary factors might support motor function in Parkinson's disease, proposing potential links to mitochondrial and oxidative mechanisms.

Limits

The study was a small, open-label trial without a control or placebo group, making it prone to placebo effects and observer bias. Out of 31 initial patients, 12 were excluded due to non-compliance or failure to complete 6 months, introducing substantial attrition bias. Because riboflavin supplementation and red meat elimination were introduced simultaneously, the individual contribution of each intervention cannot be distinguished.

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