Carskadon · Sleep 1992 · controlled laboratory study · n=16

Multiple sleep latency tests during the constant routine.

Cited 102 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Non-randomized laboratory physiological study comparing three distinct age cohorts under a constant routine protocol.

PubMed 1455121 · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.5.396 · record verified 2026-08-30

What was done

Researchers assessed whether the afternoon "post-lunch dip" in alertness reflects an endogenous sleep tendency rhythm rather than food intake. Sleep tendency was measured using the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) at 2-hour intervals in 16 volunteers across three age groups (ages 10–12, 16–17, and 62–74 years). Testing took place during a constant routine protocol during which small meals were administered every hour to eliminate postprandial confounding.

What was found

The abstract reports directional and significance findings without numerical latency values: - Baseline scores showed no statistically significant Time of Day effect, though a trend for an afternoon dip was present in the eldest group. - During the constant routine, a statistically significant Time of Day effect was observed for the two older groups (adolescents and older adults), showing an increased midday sleep tendency. - No significant Time of Day effect was found for the prepubertal group (ages 10–12).

Why it matters

These results provide evidence that the midday dip in alertness is regulated by an endogenous circadian or maturational process rather than digestive somnolence from a large meal.

Limits

The overall sample size is very small (n = 16 divided across three age cohorts, averaging roughly 5 participants per group). The abstract omits numerical sleep latencies, effect sizes, and variance metrics. Key age groups (such as young and middle-aged adults) were not assessed.

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