Burke · Journal of sports sciences 2004 · narrative review · n=?

Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery.

Cited 401 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review synthesizing literature without systematic search or meta-analytic methodology.

PubMed 14971430 · doi:10.1080/0264041031000140527 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

Narrative review synthesizing scientific literature published since 1991 on post-exercise muscle glycogen storage and training fuel requirements to formulate dietary guidelines for athletic recovery.

What was found

The abstract reports qualitative guidelines without specific numerical effect sizes: - Carbohydrate intake should be individualized relative to body mass (g/kg) and training volume to restore muscle glycogen. - Moderate-to-high glycemic index carbohydrates are recommended as the primary source for glycogen resynthesis. - Co-ingesting protein with recovery meals supports repair and can augment glycogen restoration when carbohydrate intake is suboptimal or meal frequency is low. - When recovery time between workouts is < 8 hours, carbohydrate ingestion should begin as soon as practical; for longer recovery intervals (~24 hours), intake timing can be distributed flexibly. - There is no evidence that high-fat, carbohydrate-restricted diets enhance training adaptation.

Why it matters

Provides evidence-based dietary recommendations for athletic recovery, emphasizing early carbohydrate and protein timing when recovery windows are short and identifying no training benefit from high-fat diets.

Limits

The abstract describes a narrative review without explicit systematic search protocols, quality assessments, or quantitative effect sizes. Specific gram-per-kilogram dosage targets are omitted from the abstract text.

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