Matchock · American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 2006 · retrospective cross-sectional study · n=1938

Family composition and menarcheal age: anti-inbreeding strategies.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Retrospective cross-sectional observational survey

PubMed 16788900 · doi:10.1002/ajhb.20508 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Retrospective survey data were collected from approximately 1,938 participants from a college population to evaluate the relationship between household family composition and age at menarche.

What was found

The abstract reports directional associations without providing specific numerical values, effect sizes, or confidence intervals. Earlier menarche was associated with absence of a biological father, the presence of half- and step-brothers, and living in an urban environment. Presence of sisters in the household (particularly older sisters) was associated with delayed menarche. Number of brothers and birth order showed no effect on menarcheal age. Body weight and race were also associated with menarche.

Why it matters

The study provides observational support for evolutionary and socioendocrinological hypotheses that household social composition and unrelated male presence may influence female pubertal timing.

Limits

The study relied on retrospective recall in a convenience sample of college students. The abstract provides no numerical data, effect estimates, or significance levels, and potential confounding factors such as childhood nutrition, stress, and socioeconomic status were not detailed.

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