Dunn · Science (New York, N.Y.) 2008 · Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and randomized experimental studies · n=?

Spending money on others promotes happiness.

Cited 1664 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Includes an individual randomized experiment (graded by design analogy for behavioral science)

PubMed 18356530 · doi:10.1126/science.1150952 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

The authors investigated whether spending money on others promotes greater happiness than spending on oneself. They used three distinct study designs: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, a longitudinal field study evaluating responses to windfall spending, and an experiment in which participants were randomly assigned to spend money either on others or on themselves.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical values, effect sizes, or test statistics. Directionally, spending more income on others predicted greater happiness in the cross-sectional survey and in the longitudinal windfall study. In the randomized experiment, participants allocated to spend on others reported greater happiness than those allocated to spend on themselves.

Why it matters

This research indicates that how income is spent affects well-being, suggesting that prosocial financial choices provide greater happiness gains than personal spending.

Limits

The abstract provides no sample sizes, effect sizes, monetary amounts tested, or duration of the observed happiness boost. It is unclear from the abstract alone how generalizable the findings are across different cultural or socioeconomic contexts.

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