Archer · The Behavioral and brain sciences 2009 · narrative review and theoretical analysis · n=?

Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression?

Cited 613 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Oxford CEBM level 5 (theoretical synthesis and narrative review without primary empirical data)

PubMed 19691899 · doi:10.1017/S0140525X09990951 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

The author presents a theoretical argument comparing sexual selection theory against the biosocial version of social role theory to explain human sex differences in the development, magnitude, causation, and context-dependent variability of physical and partner aggression.

What was found

No primary empirical data or quantitative values are reported in the abstract. The author argues that sex differences in physical aggression increase with physical risk, emerge early in life, peak in young adulthood, and align with evolutionary traits such as reproductive variance, maturation rates, threat displays, and mortality rates, while partner aggression reflects reproductive conflict modified by societal gender roles.

Why it matters

The paper articulates an evolutionary framework that integrates sexual selection and life history theory to account for cross-national and developmental patterns in human aggression.

Limits

This is a theoretical narrative without systematic review methodology, meta-analytic pooling, or new empirical data. The abstract provides no sample sizes, effect sizes, or quantitative metrics to evaluate the claims.

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