Fitzgerald · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 2009 · narrative review · n=?

Using poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) to mimic volume in multiple tissue layers.

Cited 27 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review and clinical technique description without empirical trial data.

PubMed 19891116 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

Methodological description and narrative review detailing the authors' clinical technique for poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA; Sculptra/Sculptra Aesthetic) injections. The article discusses structural volume changes across facial tissue layers, patient selection principles, and both soft-tissue and supraperiosteal injection approaches.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical results, sample sizes, or quantitative data. It qualitatively notes that patients with severe lipoatrophy or advanced age and compromised skin integrity require more product volume and more treatment sessions to achieve satisfactory correction.

Why it matters

Provides practical technique guidance on multi-layer facial injection strategies and realistic expectations based on baseline tissue quality for clinicians using poly-L-lactic acid.

Limits

This is an unstructured expert review and technique description without a controlled trial design, predefined outcome measures, or quantitative safety and efficacy metrics.

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