Rudoy · Science (New York, N.Y.) 2009 · within-subject controlled experimental trial · n=?

Strengthening individual memories by reactivating them during sleep.

Cited 560 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Experimental within-subject controlled study in humans (by design analogy)

PubMed 19965421 · doi:10.1126/science.1179013 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

Participants learned associations between specific sounds, objects, and spatial locations. During subsequent sleep, sound cues associated with a subset of the learned items were presented to induce memory reactivation, while other learned items received no cues. Spatial recall accuracy for all locations was assessed upon waking.

What was found

Participants recalled spatial locations associated with reminder cues presented during sleep more accurately than uncued locations. The abstract reports no numerical values, effect sizes, or test statistics.

Why it matters

This study provides direct evidence that memory consolidation during sleep can be selectively targeted and strengthened via sensory cues without disrupting sleep.

Limits

The abstract omits sample size, participant characteristics, specific sleep stages targeted, duration of sleep, and quantitative effect sizes. Longevity of the memory enhancement beyond immediate waking recall was not reported.

Cited by