Hormone response element binding proteins: novel regulators of vitamin D and estrogen signaling.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review of mechanistic and animal-model pathways with no clinical trial data.
PubMed 21236284 · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2011.01.002
What was done
This narrative review summarizes evidence from vitamin D-resistant New World primate models and human homologues regarding novel intracellular regulatory proteins that modulate vitamin D and estrogen signaling by interacting with hormone response elements.
What was found
The abstract provides no quantitative data. It reports that a family of intracellular proteins termed vitamin D or estrogen response element-binding proteins, identified as members of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family, function as cis-acting, transdominant regulators that inhibit steroid receptor binding to DNA response elements, causing vitamin D and estrogen insensitivity.
Why it matters
Identifying hnRNP-related response element-binding proteins provides a mechanistic explanation for target-cell resistance to vitamin D and estrogen, pointing to novel regulatory checkpoints in nuclear receptor signaling.
Limits
The abstract describes a narrative review without reporting systematic search methods, sample sizes, or quantitative effect estimates. Findings are largely derived from comparative biology models (New World primates) and mechanistic studies rather than human clinical outcome trials.
Cited by
- supports Nuclear steroid hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and active vitamin D bind receptors that enter the cell nucleus to recognize response elements like EREs and VDREs and regulate gene expression.