Lin · Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition 2011 · uncontrolled before-and-after trial · n=24

Effect of kiwifruit consumption on sleep quality in adults with sleep problems.

Cited 120 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Uncontrolled single-arm before-and-after study without a parallel control group.

PubMed 21669584 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

In an uncontrolled, self-controlled intervention trial, 24 adults (2 males, 22 females, aged 20 to 55 years) with self-reported sleep problems consumed 2 kiwifruits 1 hour before bedtime nightly for 4 weeks. Sleep parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI), 3-day sleep diaries, and actigraphy watch monitoring.

What was found

After 4 weeks of nightly kiwifruit consumption: - Subjective CPSQI score decreased significantly by 42.4%. - Sleep onset latency decreased by 35.4%. - Waking time after sleep onset decreased by 28.9%. - Total sleep time increased by 13.4%. - Sleep efficiency increased by 5.41%.

Why it matters

This study provides preliminary evidence that evening kiwifruit consumption might help improve sleep onset, duration, and efficiency through dietary means.

Limits

The study had a very small sample size (n=24) that was overwhelmingly female (92%). There was no control or placebo group, making it impossible to separate the physiological effects of kiwifruit from placebo effects, natural symptom fluctuation, or non-specific behavioral routines. Baseline absolute values and variance measures were omitted from the abstract.

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