Chtourou · Journal of strength and conditioning research 2012 · randomized controlled trial · n=30

The effect of strength training at the same time of the day on the diurnal fluctuations of muscular anaerobic performances.

Cited 125 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Individual randomized controlled trial

PubMed 21993020 · doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31821d5e8d · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Thirty participants were randomly assigned to a morning training group (07:00-08:00 hours, n = 10), an evening training group (17:00-18:00 hours, n = 10), or a non-training control group (n = 10). Both training groups underwent 8 weeks of progressive lower-extremity resistance training 3 times per week. Anaerobic performance (squat jump, countermovement jump, Wingate test, and 1-repetition maximum for leg extension, leg curl, and squat) was tested in both morning and evening sessions before training and 2 weeks after the 8-week intervention.

What was found

Prior to training, all groups showed a significant increase in performance from morning to evening tests (ca. 2.84-17.55% across all tests). Following training, the diurnal variations in anaerobic performance were blunted in the morning training group, with no significant difference in muscular power or strength between morning and evening tests. Diurnal variations persisted in the evening training group and control group. Specific absolute values, standard deviations, and exact p-values were not reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

Adaptations to resistance training display time-of-day specificity. Athletes competing in morning events may eliminate standard morning anaerobic performance deficits by consistently scheduling their workouts in the morning.

Limits

The sample size is small (10 subjects per group). The abstract does not specify participant sex, age, baseline fitness levels, or whether sleep and nutrition were standardized. Testing occurred 2 weeks after the training period rather than immediately, and detailed numerical metrics were not provided.

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