Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative clinical review without systematic review methodology
What was done
This narrative clinical review summarizes definitions, diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV-TR and the Daily Record of Severity of Problems), proposed etiologies, and treatment options for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
What was found
PMS affects 20% to 32% of premenopausal women and PMDD affects 3% to 8%. Serotonergic antidepressants (citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine) are identified as first-line pharmacologic agents. Limited evidence supports calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B6 supplementation, and insufficient evidence supports cognitive behavior therapy. The abstract provides no quantitative effect sizes or confidence intervals.
Why it matters
It provides clinicians with diagnostic criteria and clarifies evidence-based pharmacologic management versus unproven non-pharmacologic options for PMS and PMDD.
Limits
The paper is an unsystematic narrative review with no defined search protocol, quality grading, or meta-analytic pooling. Abstract does not report study sample sizes or numerical outcome data.
Cited by
- supports The drop in both estrogen and progesterone prior to menstruation triggers premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) symptoms, including breast tenderness, irritability, and emotional distress.