Howatson · European journal of nutrition 2012 · randomized crossover trial · n=20

Effect of tart cherry juice (Prunus cerasus) on melatonin levels and enhanced sleep quality.

Cited 229 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Individual randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

PubMed 22038497 · doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0263-7 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

Twenty healthy adult volunteers participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial consuming either tart Montmorency cherry juice concentrate or a placebo for 7 days. Sleep quality was evaluated using actigraphy and subjective questionnaires. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin was measured from sequential urine collections over 48 hours, and cosinor analysis was used to assess circadian rhythm metrics (mesor, acrophase, and amplitude).

What was found

Total urinary melatonin content was significantly elevated in the cherry juice group compared to baseline and placebo (P < 0.05). Cherry juice supplementation resulted in statistically significant increases in time in bed, total sleep time, and total sleep efficiency (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the timing of the melatonin circadian rhythm, though a trend toward higher mesor and amplitude was observed. Exact numerical values, effect sizes, and baseline metrics were not reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

This study shows that a dietary intervention with tart cherry concentrate can elevate urinary melatonin metabolites and improve actigraphy-measured sleep duration and efficiency in humans.

Limits

The sample size is very small (20 participants) and restricted to healthy adults without diagnosed sleep disorders. The intervention duration was short (7 days), and the abstract reports no specific numerical data, effect sizes, or confidence intervals.

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