Terburg · Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 2012 · experimental laboratory study · n=?

Memory and attention for social threat: anxious hypercoding-avoidance and submissive gaze aversion.

Cited 35 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Non-clinical laboratory experiment evaluating trait-based differences (graded by design analogy)

PubMed 22309731 · doi:10.1037/a0027201 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

The study tested visual attention, memory, and gaze patterns in response to social threat (angry faces) within a social-memory paradigm. It compared gaze behaviors associated with trait anxiety versus trait submissiveness (defined by high trait anxiety and low trait anger).

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical data, sample sizes, or statistical test values. Qualitatively, the authors report that anxious individuals attended vigilantly to, had superior memory for, and subsequently avoided angry faces, whereas submissive individuals displayed rapid gaze aversion from angry faces.

Why it matters

This study provides experimental evidence distinguishing submissive gaze aversion from anxious gaze avoidance, introducing the concept of "hypercoding-avoidance" for how anxious individuals scan, remember, and evade social threats.

Limits

The abstract omits sample size, participant demographics, effect sizes, and specific task parameters. Laboratory-based memory tasks using facial stimuli may not fully reflect dynamic, real-world dominance interactions.

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