· Nature 2012 · cross-sectional multi-site observational cohort study · n=242

A framework for human microbiome research.

Cited 2780 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional descriptive survey and metagenomic resource characterization in healthy humans.

PubMed 22699610 · doi:10.1038/nature11209 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium established standardized metagenomic protocols and sampled a cohort of 242 healthy adults at 15 or 18 body sites up to three times. The researchers generated 16S ribosomal RNA gene taxonomic profiles, whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, and sequenced isolated reference strains.

What was found

The initiative generated 5,177 microbial taxonomic profiles from 16S rRNA genes, over 3.5 terabases of metagenomic sequence data, and sequenced approximately 800 reference strains isolated from the human body.

Why it matters

This project provides a foundational baseline dataset and standardized analytical framework for characterizing the diversity and composition of the healthy human microbiome across multiple body habitats.

Limits

The study is purely descriptive and restricted to healthy adults, without disease comparators or longitudinal clinical outcomes reported in the abstract. Specific demographic characteristics and environmental factors are not detailed in the abstract.

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