Arantes · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 2012 · within-subject animal operant experiment · n=4 pigeons

Resistance to change and preference for variable versus fixed response sequences.

Cited 17 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Animal laboratory behavioral study with no human data

PubMed 22851789 · doi:10.1901/jeab.2012.98-1 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

In Experiment 1, 4 pigeons were trained on a multiple chain schedule with initial links on a variable-interval 20-s schedule and terminal links requiring four responses to left/right keys. In the REPEAT component, only an LRLR sequence was reinforced; in the VARY component, sequences satisfying a variability criterion were reinforced, with reinforcer rates equated across components. Resistance to change was tested with prefeeding, extinction, and response-independent food. In Experiment 2, REPEAT and VARY schedules were terminal links of concurrent chains to assess preference.

What was found

Initial- and terminal-link responding in the VARY component was generally more resistant to prefeeding, extinction, and response-independent food than in the REPEAT component. In Experiment 2, all pigeons biased initial-link responding toward the VARY alternative. The abstract reports these directions but provides no specific numerical values, response rates, or statistical test statistics.

Why it matters

This study demonstrates that behavioral variability is preferred and more resistant to disruption than repetition when reinforcement rates are controlled, presenting challenges for behavioral momentum theory.

Limits

The sample size is very small (4 pigeons), and findings are limited to non-human animal laboratory behavior. The abstract does not report sample size for Experiment 2 or exact quantitative metrics and variance.

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