Zentner · Psychological science 2012 · cross-sectional multi-nation survey and secondary analysis · n=12,130

Stepping out of the caveman's shadow: nations' gender gap predicts degree of sex differentiation in mate preferences.

Cited 149 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional survey and ecological re-analysis graded by design analogy, not clinical CEBM.

PubMed 22933455 · doi:10.1177/0956797612441004 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

The authors examined whether national gender equality relates to sex differentiation in mate preferences across two datasets. Study 1 collected online ratings of mate attributes from 3,177 participants across 10 nations selected along the Global Gender Gap Index (GGI). Study 2 re-analyzed previously published mate preference data from 8,953 participants across 31 nations (Buss, 1989) and matched those findings against national GGI scores.

What was found

The abstract does not report specific correlation coefficients, effect sizes, or test statistics. It reports that across both datasets, sex differences in mate preferences traditionally attributed to evolutionary constraints declined proportionally with higher national gender parity.

Why it matters

This work indicates that sex differences in human mating preferences vary with social and structural context rather than remaining static evolutionary traits.

Limits

The abstract provides no numerical data, effect sizes, or confidence intervals. The design is cross-sectional and ecological, which cannot establish causality. Study 1 was conducted online across only 10 nations, and Study 2 matched historical mate-preference survey data from 1989 with newer gender gap metrics.

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