Buchheit · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2013 · narrative review · n=?

High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis.

Cited 1445 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review and expert programming framework without systematic review methodology

PubMed 23539308 · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

This narrative review analyzed high-intensity interval training (HIT) programming strategies, focusing on cardiopulmonary adaptations and methods to maximize time spent at or above 90% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).

What was found

The abstract reports no empirical data, sample sizes, or pooled quantitative results. It identifies nine distinct programming variables (work interval intensity, work interval duration, relief interval intensity, relief interval duration, exercise modality, number of repetitions, number of series, between-series recovery duration, and between-series recovery intensity) that determine acute physiological responses and help maintain time spent in the targeted training zone (>=90% VO2max).

Why it matters

It outlines a comprehensive, mechanistic framework for coaches and sport scientists to systematically adjust interval parameters to target specific cardiovascular adaptations.

Limits

As a narrative review, it presents conceptual models and expert commentary rather than novel empirical data or a systematic review with meta-analysis. No effect sizes, participant characteristics, or risk-of-bias evaluations are provided.

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