Pennings · The American journal of clinical nutrition 2013 · randomized crossover trial · n=10

Minced beef is more rapidly digested and absorbed than beef steak, resulting in greater postprandial protein retention in older men.

Cited 166 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Randomized crossover trial in humans

PubMed 23636241 · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051201 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

Ten older men (mean ± SEM age: 74 ± 2 years) completed a randomized crossover trial comparing the consumption of 135 g of intrinsically L-[1-13C]phenylalanine-labeled beef prepared as beef steak or minced beef. The interventions were combined with continuous intravenous infusions of L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine and L-[ring-2H2]tyrosine to measure protein digestion and absorption kinetics, whole-body protein balance, and skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates over a 6-hour postprandial period.

What was found

Meat protein-derived phenylalanine appeared faster in the circulation after minced beef than after beef steak consumption (P < 0.05). Postprandial availability in circulation over 6 hours was higher after minced beef than beef steak (61 ± 3% vs 49 ± 3%, P < 0.01). Whole-body protein balance was more positive after minced beef than beef steak (29 ± 2 vs 19 ± 3 μmol phenylalanine/kg, P < 0.01). Skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates showed no significant difference between treatments over the 6-hour period.

Why it matters

Mincing meat enhances protein digestion kinetics, amino acid availability, and whole-body protein retention in older adults, offering a practical dietary strategy for individuals with reduced chewing efficiency.

Limits

The study had a small sample size (n = 10) and included only older men, limiting generalizability to women and other age groups. It examined only a single-meal acute 6-hour postprandial response without assessing chronic adaptations in muscle mass or long-term nitrogen balance.

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