Multi-copper oxidases and human iron metabolism.
Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data
Narrative review of biochemical mechanisms with no new human data
PubMed 23807651 · doi:10.3390/nu5072289
What was done
Narrative review examining the biochemical and biological properties of the three known human multi-copper oxidases (ceruloplasmin, hephaestin, and zyklopen) and their functions in human iron homeostasis.
What was found
The abstract provides no numerical data or quantitative metrics. It describes how ferroportin exports iron as Fe(2+), requiring oxidation to Fe(3+) for transferrin binding, mediated by hephaestin in enterocytes, zyklopen in placental trophoblasts, and ceruloplasmin for liver iron release.
Why it matters
Clarifies the tissue-specific roles of distinct ferroxidases in facilitating iron export and systemic transport.
Limits
Narrative review without original human clinical data, meta-analysis, systematic methodology, or quantitative measures.
Cited by
- supports Copper helps regulate and protect iron in the body.