Langguth · Handbook of clinical neurology 2013 · narrative review · n=?

Tinnitus: therapeutic use of superficial brain stimulation.

Cited 41 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review without systematic search or quantitative data synthesis

PubMed 24112915 · doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53497-2.00036-X · record verified 2026-08-28

What was done

This narrative review synthesizes neuroimaging findings and clinical evidence regarding superficial brain stimulation techniques—specifically repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and implanted epidural electrodes—targeting central auditory and nonauditory networks to treat tinnitus.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical data, sample sizes, or statistical metrics. It qualitatively notes that single rTMS sessions over temporal or temporoparietal cortex transiently reduce tinnitus perception, repeated rTMS sessions provide relief lasting days to months in patient subgroups with moderate effects and high variability, tDCS reduces tinnitus in subgroups, and direct epidural electrical stimulation produces larger, longer-lasting effects.

Why it matters

It maps out the neurological rationale for targeting auditory, awareness, and distress networks with noninvasive or invasive neuromodulation in patients with refractory tinnitus.

Limits

This is a narrative review without systematic search criteria or quantitative synthesis. The abstract provides no quantitative outcomes, notes high interindividual response variability, and concludes that current evidence is insufficient to support routine clinical use.

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