Drake · Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2013 · randomized controlled trial · n=?

Caffeine effects on sleep taken 0, 3, or 6 hours before going to bed.

Cited 366 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Individual randomized controlled trial

PubMed 24235903 · doi:10.5664/jcsm.3170 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial compared the sleep-disruptive effects of a fixed 400 mg dose of caffeine administered at 0, 3, and 6 hours prior to habitual bedtime versus placebo in a home setting. Sleep disturbance was measured using both self-reported sleep measures and an objective validated portable sleep monitor.

What was found

Caffeine taken at 0, 3, and 6 hours prior to bedtime each produced statistically significant sleep disturbance relative to placebo (p < 0.05 for all). The abstract reports a reduction in total sleep time even at 6 hours prior to bedtime, but provides no specific numerical values, confidence intervals, or effect sizes.

Why it matters

This study provides objective, home-environment empirical support for sleep hygiene guidelines recommending the avoidance of substantial caffeine intake for at least 6 hours before bedtime.

Limits

The abstract does not report sample size, participant demographics, baseline caffeine tolerance, or exact numerical values for sleep outcomes. Only a single fixed dose (400 mg) was tested.

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