Michels · American family physician 2014 · narrative review · n=?

Addison disease: early detection and treatment principles.

Cited 126 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative clinical review without systematic search or original human trial data.

PubMed 24695602 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

This clinical review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment principles for primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease).

What was found

The abstract reports an estimated prevalence of one in 20,000 persons in the United States and Western Europe, and notes that up to 50% of patients develop another autoimmune disorder in their lifetime. No primary experimental numbers or effect sizes are provided.

Why it matters

The paper outlines early identification strategies to prevent progression to life-threatening adrenal crisis and summarizes core management rules, including stress-dose steroids during physiological illness or surgery.

Limits

The paper is an unsystematic narrative review with no original empirical data, no comparator groups, and no quantitative diagnostic or therapeutic efficacy metrics reported in the abstract.

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