Park · Journal of experimental psychology. Applied 2014 · randomized controlled trial · n=80

The role of expressive writing in math anxiety.

Cited 245 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Randomized experimental laboratory trial (by design analogy, non-clinical psychological study)

PubMed 24708352 · doi:10.1037/xap0000013 · record verified 2026-08-29

What was done

Students (N = 80) with varying levels of math anxiety were assigned to either an expressive writing intervention (writing about thoughts and feelings regarding the upcoming test) or a control condition (sitting quietly) before completing difficulty-matched math and word problems.

What was found

The abstract provides no raw numbers, test statistics, or effect sizes. Directionally, high math-anxious students in the control group performed significantly worse on math problems than low math-anxious students. In the expressive writing group, this performance deficit was significantly reduced. Among high math-anxious students, the frequency of words expressing anxiety, cause, and insight in their writing was positively correlated with math performance.

Why it matters

A simple, cost-free pre-testing writing exercise may mitigate the working memory interference caused by math anxiety and improve testing outcomes for anxious students.

Limits

The sample size was modest (N = 80), and specific numerical data, effect sizes, and confidence intervals are omitted from the abstract. The abstract does not specify the academic setting, participant demographics, whether the effect transfers to high-stakes classroom examinations, or how long the intervention's benefits persist.

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