Byun · NeuroImage 2014 · Controlled within-subject crossover study · n=25

Positive effect of acute mild exercise on executive function via arousal-related prefrontal activations: an fNIRS study.

Cited 442 times in the scientific literature.

Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study

Within-subject controlled crossover study (randomization not specified in abstract)

PubMed 24799137 · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.067 · record verified 2026-08-30

What was done

Twenty-five young individuals performed a color-word matching Stroop task (CWST) and completed a two-dimensional psychological mood state scale before and after two conditions: a 10-minute light-intensity cycling exercise session (30% VO2peak) and a resting control session. Cortical hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex during the CWST were monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

What was found

Acute mild exercise improved Stroop task performance, which was positively correlated with increased arousal levels. Exercise also evoked cortical activations during Stroop interference in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar area; these activations significantly corresponded with both improved cognitive performance and increased arousal levels. The abstract reports no numerical values, effect sizes, or test statistics.

Why it matters

This study provides mechanistic evidence that brief, low-intensity exercise can acutely enhance executive function by engaging arousal systems and activating task-relevant prefrontal regions.

Limits

The sample was small (n = 25) and limited to young individuals. The abstract does not specify whether condition order was randomized or counterbalanced, provides no numerical data, and assesses only immediate post-exercise outcomes without testing persistence.

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