Return of hunger following a relatively high carbohydrate breakfast is associated with earlier recorded glucose peak and nadir.
Level 3 - non-randomized controlled study
Controlled dietary trial; randomization is not explicitly stated in the abstract.
PubMed 24819342 · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.031
What was done
Sixty-four overweight but otherwise healthy adults were assigned to one of two eucaloric diets for a 4-week acclimation period: a high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet (HC/LF; 55% carbohydrate, 27% fat, 18% protein) or a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC/HF; 43% carbohydrate, 39% fat, 18% protein). Following acclimation, participants consumed a breakfast meal from their assigned diet while circulating glucose, circulating insulin, and self-reported hunger and fullness were tracked postprandially.
What was found
The abstract reports directional findings without numerical values or confidence intervals. Relative to the HC/LF meal, the LC/HF meal produced: - Later times to the highest and lowest recorded glucose concentrations. - Higher circulating glucose concentrations at 3 and 4 hours post-meal. - A lower insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC). - Lower self-reported appetite at 3 and 4 hours post-meal, which correlated with the timing of the glucose peak and nadir.
Why it matters
Modest shifts in meal macronutrient composition (substituting fat for carbohydrate) appear to blunt insulin secretion and delay the postprandial glucose nadir, which may prolong satiety after a meal.
Limits
The abstract does not provide exact point estimates, variance, or p-values. Randomization is not explicitly confirmed in the abstract text. Outcomes were measured after a single test meal in overweight adults, and long-term ad libitum energy intake and weight changes were not measured.
Cited by
- partial In an isocaloric study where protein was clamped, subjects consuming a high-carbohydrate breakfast experienced a more rapid return of hunger and ate more calories at their subsequent meal compared to those consuming a low-carbohydrate breakfast.