Efficiency of jumping exercise in improving bone mineral density among premenopausal women: a meta-analysis.
Level 1 - systematic review of randomized trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials
PubMed 24981245 · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0220-8
What was done
The authors searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and BIOSIS up to September 1, 2013, to evaluate the effect of jumping or high-impact exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women. Six studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed using fixed-effects meta-analysis for the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine.
What was found
Six studies were included with high homogeneity across sites: - Femoral neck: Jumping exercise significantly increased BMD (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.017 g/cm², 95% CI 0.014 to 0.20, p < 0.001; Q = 2.63, p = 0.854, I² = 0.0%). - Trochanter: Jumping exercise significantly increased BMD (WMD = 0.021 g/cm², 95% CI 0.018 to 0.024, p < 0.001; Q = 2.10, p = 0.10, I² = 0.0%). - Lumbar spine: No significant improvement was observed (p = 0.181; Q = 1.17, p = 0.979, I² = 0.0%). Visual inspection of funnel plots indicated asymmetry, suggesting possible publication bias favoring positive outcomes.
Why it matters
This meta-analysis demonstrates that jumping exercise provides site-specific bone benefits in premenopausal women, improving BMD at the hip (femoral neck and trochanter) but not at the lumbar spine.
Limits
The total number of participants is not reported in the abstract, and the evidence base comprises only six studies. Visual plot asymmetry indicates potential publication bias, and effects are restricted to premenopausal females.
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