Lieberman · Psychopharmacology 2015 · Double-blind randomized controlled trial · n=78

The catecholamine neurotransmitter precursor tyrosine increases anger during exposure to severe psychological stress.

Cited 26 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Individual randomized controlled trial.

PubMed 25220844 · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3727-7 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

A double-blind, between-subjects randomized controlled trial assessed whether tyrosine supplementation alters responses to severe psychological stress during Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) training. Seventy-eight healthy military personnel received either tyrosine (300 mg/kg total, given in food bars as two 150 mg/kg doses 60 minutes before mock interrogations; N = 36) or placebo (N = 36). Profile of Mood States (POMS), salivary cortisol, and heart rate were measured at baseline (preceding academic week) and immediately after mock interrogations.

What was found

Severe stress significantly elevated heart rate, cortisol, and all POMS mood dimensions (tension, depression, anger, fatigue, vigor, confusion; all p < .001). Tyrosine significantly increased anger during stress relative to placebo (treatment-by-session interaction, p = .002). Tyrosine produced no significant changes in other mood subscales, cortisol, or heart rate.

Why it matters

Tyrosine is commonly explored for stress resilience, but in this severe psychological stress model, its primary effect was an isolated increase in subjective anger without modifying cardiovascular or endocrine stress responses.

Limits

The study tested a healthy, highly trained military cohort in an extreme simulated captivity environment, limiting generalizability to civilian populations or milder chronic stressors. Absolute baseline and post-stress values, effect sizes, and exact group dropouts (78 enrolled vs. 72 analyzed) are not provided in the abstract.

Cited by