Ostojić · Behavioural processes 2015 · controlled experimental behavioral study · n=?

Are owners' reports of their dogs' 'guilty look' influenced by the dogs' action and evidence of the misdeed?

Cited 14 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Level 5 by design analogy (animal behavioral research)

PubMed 25562192 · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.12.010 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

The study investigated whether dogs' 'guilty look' greeting behaviors are triggered by the dogs' own actions or physical evidence of a misdeed, in the absence of owner scolding. Researchers manipulated whether dogs ate a 'forbidden' food item and whether that food remained visible when owners returned.

What was found

The abstract reports no numerical data, percentages, or test statistics. Owners judged whether their dog had eaten the food based on greeting behavior no more often than expected by chance. Dogs' greeting behaviors were not affected by whether they had eaten the food or whether the food was visible.

Why it matters

These findings challenge the common owner belief that canine greeting behavior indicates internal guilt or awareness of a misdeed, supporting the view that 'guilty' displays require concurrent negative reactions from owners.

Limits

The abstract omits the sample size (n), dog breeds, owner characteristics, and exact statistical metrics (such as effect sizes or p-values). The experimental setup may also not reflect all real-world home dynamics.

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