Robillard · Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 2015 · double-blind crossover trial · n=46

Sleep is more sensitive to high doses of caffeine in the middle years of life.

Cited 56 times in the scientific literature.

Level 2 - randomized trial

Individual double-blind randomized crossover trial

PubMed 25759402 · doi:10.1177/0269881115575535 · record verified 2026-08-31

What was done

Double-blind crossover study evaluating the effects of 200 mg and 400 mg of caffeine versus placebo on sleep architecture measured via polysomnography in 22 young adults (23.5 ± 1.9 years) and 24 middle-aged adults (51.7 ± 11.5 years).

What was found

Compared to placebo, caffeine increased sleep latency, shortened total sleep duration, and reduced sleep efficiency. At the 400 mg dose, these disruptions were more pronounced in middle-aged than young adults. High-dose caffeine increased absolute stage 1 sleep in young adults, whereas it decreased absolute stage 2 sleep in middle-aged adults. In both age groups, caffeine caused dose-dependent increases in relative stage 1 sleep and reductions in absolute and relative slow-wave sleep as well as absolute rapid eye movement sleep. No dose- or age-related modulation was observed in quantified electroencephalographic measures. Specific numerical values and effect sizes were not reported in the abstract.

Why it matters

Demonstrates that age-related vulnerability in sleep architecture makes middle-aged adults more susceptible to sleep disruption from high caffeine intake than younger individuals.

Limits

Small sample size (n = 46). The abstract omits exact numerical values, effect sizes, timing of caffeine administration, participants' habitual caffeine use, and daytime functional measures.

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