Echterhoff · Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science 2009 · theoretical framework / narrative review · n=?

Shared Reality: Experiencing Commonality With Others' Inner States About the World.

Cited 681 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Theory paper and narrative review without new empirical data (graded by design analogy).

PubMed 26162223 · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01161.x · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

This theoretical paper introduces a conceptual framework for shared reality defined by four conditions: subjective perceived commonality of inner states, focus on a target referent, appropriate motivation, and the experience of a successful connection to others' inner states. The authors review prior evidence, emphasizing the "saying-is-believing" effect, and delineate shared reality from related constructs such as empathy, perspective taking, theory of mind, and common ground.

What was found

No quantitative data, sample sizes, or statistical metrics are reported in the abstract. The paper provides a conceptual argument that shared reality offers a more comprehensive explanation of saying-is-believing experimental findings than competing models.

Why it matters

The work provides a conceptual foundation for how humans align subjective inner states during social communication, differentiating this process from behavioral mimicry or basic perspective taking.

Limits

The publication is a conceptual framework and narrative review presenting no new empirical data or systematic review methodology. The abstract lacks quantitative verification.

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