Bourassa · Neuroscience letters 2016 · narrative review · n=?

Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: Can a high fiber diet improve brain health?

Cited 642 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative review synthesizing mechanistic pathways without primary human trial data or systematic synthesis.

PubMed 26868600 · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.009 · record verified 2026-08-27

What was done

This narrative review synthesized literature across gastroenterology and neuroscience to evaluate how butyrate—a short-chain fatty acid produced by gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber—acts as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, G protein-coupled receptor ligand, and energy substrate affecting the brain.

What was found

The abstract reports no empirical numbers or quantitative findings. It presents a mechanistic framework proposing that high-fiber diet metabolism in the colon alters brain gene expression, potentially preventing neurodegeneration and promoting regeneration.

Why it matters

It outlines biological mechanisms connecting dietary fiber intake and gut microbiome metabolism to epigenetic regulation and neuroprotection in neurological conditions.

Limits

As a narrative review, it presents conceptual models and mechanistic hypotheses without systematic study selection criteria, risk of bias assessment, or new clinical data evaluating dietary fiber interventions on human neurological outcomes.

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