Fretts · The Journal of nutrition 2016 · cross-sectional study · n=2846

Processed Meat, but Not Unprocessed Red Meat, Is Inversely Associated with Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Strong Heart Family Study.

Cited 43 times in the scientific literature.

Level 4 - case-series / case-control

Cross-sectional observational study

PubMed 27558579 · doi:10.3945/jn.116.234922 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Researchers analyzed the cross-sectional associations between meat consumption (processed meat and unprocessed red meat) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in 2,846 American Indian participants from the Strong Heart Family Study (2001–2003). Past-year dietary intake was assessed using a 119-item Block Food-Frequency Questionnaire. LTL was measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction as the telomeric product-to-single-copy gene ratio. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations while adjusting for age, sex, study site, education, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and other dietary factors.

What was found

Processed meat consumption was significantly inversely associated with LTL after multivariable adjustment (beta ± SE = -0.021 ± 0.008, P = 0.009 per additional daily serving). No significant association was observed between unprocessed red meat intake and LTL (beta ± SE = 0.008 ± 0.011, P = 0.46).

Why it matters

This study differentiates processed meat from unprocessed red meat regarding cellular aging biomarkers, suggesting that processing-related components may be specific factors linked to shorter telomeres.

Limits

The study design is cross-sectional, precluding causal inference or longitudinal assessment of telomere shortening rates. Dietary intake relied on self-reported food-frequency questionnaires prone to recall bias, and the study population was restricted to American Indians, which may limit generalizability.

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