Castellanos · International journal of environmental research and public health 2016 · narrative literature review · n=49 studies

The Adverse Effects of Heavy Metals with and without Noise Exposure on the Human Peripheral and Central Auditory System: A Literature Review.

Cited 37 times in the scientific literature.

Level 5 - mechanism / opinion, no new human data

Narrative literature review synthesizing observational human studies without systematic meta-analysis

PubMed 27941700 · doi:10.3390/ijerph13121223 · record verified 2026-08-26

What was done

Authors conducted a literature review of PubMed and Medline to evaluate the adverse effects of heavy metal exposure, with and without concurrent noise exposure, on the human peripheral and central auditory system. The review identified and analyzed 49 articles meeting inclusion criteria.

What was found

The abstract reports no quantitative values or statistical metrics. Qualitatively, no human evidence was identified for manganese ototoxicity. Contradictory findings were reported for arsenic, lead, mercury, and potential heavy metal-noise interactions. All included studies evaluating cadmium and heavy metal mixtures reported induced auditory dysfunction. Most identified studies focused on lead, with some reporting peripheral and central auditory dysfunction.

Why it matters

It consolidates human evidence on heavy metals as ototoxic agents, highlighting cadmium and chemical mixtures as potential occupational hazards alongside noise exposure.

Limits

The abstract provides no quantitative effect sizes or meta-analytic pooling. The underlying evidence base is characterized by contradictory results across multiple metals and a complete absence of human data for manganese.

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